Understanding Your DNA Test Results

Confused about DNA and what your results mean? We have a guide to help make sense of it all.

Relationship DNA Test Results​ ​

The conclusiveness of a DNA test can vary based on the relationship in question. Below are guides to understanding each test type.

DNA Paternity Test or DNA Maternity Test

These tests provide a conclusive, definitive answer. For Paternity and Maternity Testing, half of a child’s STR profile will be an exact match to half of their parent’s STR profile. This allows the report to show either a 0% probability of parentage (an exclusion) or a probability greater than 99.99% (an inclusion).

DNA Twin Test (Zygosity)

This test determines with 100% certainty whether twins are identical or fraternal. Identical twins will have the exact same STR profile, while fraternal twins will have a profile more like a typical sibling relationship, sharing approximately 50% of their DNA.

DNA Sibling Test Results

This test determines the statistical likelihood that two individuals are full siblings, half-siblings, or unrelated. The result is given as a "Combined Sibling Index" and is a strong indicator of siblinghood.

DNA Grandparent Test Results

A grandparent test is a very reliable option when a child's parent is unavailable. The report provides a "Combined Kinship Index" that indicates the likelihood of a grandparent-grandchild relationship.

DNA Aunt/Uncle (Avuncular) & Cousin Test Results

These tests also use a "Combined Kinship Index" to evaluate the probability of a relationship. While useful, these tests are generally less conclusive than sibling or grandparent tests due to the increased genetic distance between participants.

In addition to relationship testing, our advanced laboratory analyzes other types of DNA changes for health, wellness, and trait-based reports. These tests look for different kinds of genetic variations.

Many of our other tests detect DNA changes known as single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs (pronounced “snips”). These occur when just one of the DNA building blocks (nucleotides) has been changed to something different. SNPs occur throughout the genome and thousands are linked to different attributes, from disease risk, to hair color, athletic ability, and food response. Some SNPs are detrimental to human health, others can provide an advantage, while others just contribute to differences in our appearance.

Other DNA changes that we can detect include VNTRs and large deletions or insertions. VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats) are similar to the STRs used in relationship testing, but the repeated region is larger. Large deletions or insertions can occur when sections of DNA are “missing” from or “added” to a person’s genome. The effect of these bigger changes depends on where in the genome the change has occurred.

Still Have Questions?

We understand the importance of these results. If anything in your report is unclear, please do not hesitate to contact our client support specialists for a confidential consultation.
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